Creative Development in a Field

Dr. Johathan S. Feinstein

John G. Searle Professor of Economics and Management

Yale School of Management

 

Abstract

I model the creative development of individuals working in a field. My motivation is to contribute to the development of a formal framework to describe and predict how individuals in a field come to generate creative ideas and insights. In particular I am interested in how individuals' ideas are rooted in and emerge out of conceptual structures they develop through pursuing self-defined paths of exploration.

The model of creative development builds on the description I present in The Nature of Creative Development (Stanford U. Press, 2006). The field is described by a knowledge structure, modeled as a graph with a basic hierarchical structure plus additional links. In the model each individual forms a creative interest which is defined by a sentence or set of elements from the knowledge structure. Individuals then encounter a series of windows. A window contains a series of culture bags. Culture bags include creative contributions made by others, as well as other kinds of phenomena and experiences; specifically, each bag consists of a set of elements from the knowledge structure, generated via a probability model. In each window bags are ranked in terms of general interest from highest (first) to lowest. Each individual attends to the first bag in the window that intersects with his particular creative interest, meaning that at least one element of the bag lies in the domain of his interest; once an individual attends to a bag, he can attend to no further bags in that window – thus a person attends to either 1 bag or 0 bags in each window. When an individual attends to a bag he internalizes its elements. Thus over a series of windows an individual builds up a conceptual structure associated with his creative interest.

The model is designed to capture certain basic tradeoffs. If an individual forms a very broad interest he is almost sure to attend to a bag in every window, but he is likely to attend to one of the first bags and thus to a bag that others may also attend to. The result is that the conceptual structure he forms is large but less distinctive. If his interest is very narrow he is likely to attend to no bags in some windows, thus ends up with a smaller conceptual structure. Hence the “optimal” creative interest, from the viewpoint of building up a rich distinctive conceptual structure, is of intermediate breadth. Simulation results confirm this, and show how optimal breadth varies with the underlying model parameters.

In addition to breadth and distinctiveness, I also explore other facets of the conceptual structures individuals build up, including the distance between pairs of elements and the number of shortest paths between elements. Overall, the results manifest the subtlety of the interaction between the knowledge structure, the process of generation of culture bags, and the process of creative development. I am optimistic that the framework has promise as a fruitful way to study creative development and cultural development.