In this talk I shall examine some issues involved in applying psychological predicates (such as "thinks", "decides", and "feels pain") to non-human species. I'll discuss some epistemological limitations inherent in the so-called "problem of other minds" using criteria derived from the work of Ludwig Wittgenstein, Alan Turing, and Hilary Putnam. Espousing a broadly functionalist perspective regarding the nature of mental states, I'll then look at some unique conundrums related to drawing analogies between human cognition and that of non-human species.